Assembly of the device.
The circuit above is built up on a copper strip board. A piece about 2
inces by 3 inches will be sufficient for the main circuit and
transistors 1 to 4.
The 5th transistor needs to be mounted on a piece of metal to dissipate
the heat that may be produced during operation. You could use a small
piece of aluminium of about 3 square inches or the case itself if you
are using a metal one.
How it works
Transistors TR1 and TR2 operate as a multivibrator circuit the mark -
space ratio of which is controlled by the position of the 47k
potentiometer. At mid setting the on and off times of TR2 will be equal
resulting in pulses of 12volts appearing at the output terminals of the
unit. These pulses will give full power to your loco for a very brief
period, (about 1/50th of a second) followed by the same period of no
current.
At the high setting TR2 will be switched hard on (ie no multi
vibrating)and full power from the unit. At the lowest position of the
potentiometer TR2 will be locked hard offresulting in no output from the
unit.
TR3 is an isolating and amplifying transistor which also inverts the
output from TR2.
TR4 and TR5 act as a Darlinton pair and follow the output voltage of
TR3.
So as you start from zero and slowly increase the power, the mark -
space ratio (on off times) of the output voltage follows this with the
on times of the supply getting longer and longer until at full power the
output is a constant 12 volts.
This circuit gives excellent control of your locomotives especially at
low speeds. In fact because the power is applied in small doses of full
voltage you can have a steam loco up against the buffers on the track
and have the wheels turning at about one revolution every minute. |